To Autumn
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.
Who hath not seen thee oft amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair soft-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,
Drows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers:
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings hours by hours.
Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,--
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river sallows, borne aloft
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble soft
The red-breast whistles from a garden-croft;
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
Commentary
I’m not a great fan of the romantic poets, but was struck that colleagues didn’t know where the phrase “season of mists and mellow fruitfulness” came from . I think quite a lot of Keats is not great, but some of the images here are memorable. Here in Scotland the twittering swallows are long gone, but the barred clouds sometimes bloom the soft-dying day. There’s lots of other analysis you could do here (the erotic language of the second verse, the sense of impending loss of the third), but mainly I would just enjoy the turn of phrase and the images.
— Bill Whiteford
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From the Wondering Minstrels mailing list, 1999–2008.
Nigel Rose · 9 October 2006
When I was 12, as a punishment for not reminding our English teacher to give us homework (what school child would?), we were forced to learn the first verse of this poem including all of the punctuation. We were tested on this at the next lesson and any child who got more than a couple of things wrong got a detention. Despite learning it I have never actually properly read or tried to understand it until now.
His evocation of Autumn, the warmth, the ripeness, the fecundity, the colours and the sense of something overblown and beginning to rot reminds so strongly of roaming the English countryside as the leaves are beginning to change colour and the weather veers wildly. Particularly I love the change of mood at the end as we are reminded that winter comes and with it darker times and change and an urging to flee until Spring.
Nigel Rose